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Thursday, August 9, 2012

Yeast infection

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Can douching cause a yeast infection? Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Medical Editor: William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

A Viewer Asks: Can douching cause a yeast infection? Also, is it okay to douche after a yeast infection?

Dr. Stöppler's Answer: All healthy women have bacteria and other organisms in the vagina. The balance of organisms and the normal acidity of the vagina both act to prevent overgrowth of specific organisms, leading to symptoms of a vaginal infection. Douching disturbs the normal environment of the vagina...

Yeast is a type of fungus; when one speaks of a yeast infection this is referring to the fungus scientifically known as Candida. The specific type of fungus most commonly responsible for vaginitis is Candida albicans. Yeast is commonly present on normal human skin and in areas of moisture, such as the mouth and vagina. In fact, it is estimated that between 20%-50% of healthy women normally carry yeast in the vaginal area.

Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina. Vaginitis is very common and is reported by as many as 75% of women at some point in their lives. Vaginitis can be caused by a number of infections as well as noninfectious causes such as trauma or chemical irritation. Infectious vaginitis has numerous casuses including bacteria (such as Gardnerella and gonorrhea), protozoans (such as trichomonas), and yeast (Candida). Vaginal yeast infection, which is the most common form of vaginitis, is often referred to as vaginal Candidiasis.

Vulvitis is inflammation of the external genital organs of the female (the vulva). The vulva includes the labia, clitoris, and entrance to the vagina (the vestibule of the vagina). An inflammation of the vulva is referred to as vulvitis. Vulvitis, like vaginitis, may be caused by a number of different infections or noninfectious causes. Because the vulva is also often inflamed when there is inflammation of the vagina, vaginitis is sometimes referred to as vulvovaginitis.

Reviewed by William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR on 7/20/2012

Yeast Infection - Prevention Question: What prevention measures do you use to avoid getting a yeast infection? Yeast Infection - Effective Treatments Question: What kinds of treatments have been effective for your yeast infection? MedicineNet Doctors Bacterial Vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis is an abnormal vaginal condition that is characterized by vaginal discharge resulting from an overgrowth of normal bacteria in the vagina. Although it may cause some disturbing symptoms (discharge and odor), it is not dangerous and cannot be passed by sex. Diagnosis becomes important to exclude serious infections like gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Many treatment options are available such as oral antibiotics and vaginal gels.Pregnancy (Stages - Trimesters of Pregnancy) There are many symptoms involved in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. The first early pregnancy symptom is typically a missed period, but others include breast swelling and tenderness, nausea and sometimes vomiting, fatigue and bloating. Second trimester symptoms include backache, weight gain, itching, and possible stretch marks. Third trimester symptoms are additional weight gain, heartburn, hemorrhoids, swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face, breast tenderness, and trouble sleeping. Read more to learn about recommended procedures and tests for each stage of a healthy pregnancy.Anal Itching Anal itching is the irritation of the skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, accompanied by the desire to scratch. Causes include everything from irritating foods we eat, to certain disease and infections. Treatment options include local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, protectants, astringents, antiseptics, keratolytics, analgesics, and corticosteroids. If condition persists, a doctor examination may be needed to identify an underlying cause. Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. The two types of diabetes are referred to as type 1 (insulin dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent). Symptoms of diabetes include increased urine output, thirst, hunger, and fatigue. Treatment of diabetes depends on the type.Jock Itch Jock itch is an itchy red rash that appears in the groin area. The rash may be caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. People with diabetes and those who are obese are more susceptible to developing jock itch. Antifungal shampoos, creams, and pills may be needed to treat fungal jock itch. Bacterial jock itch may be treated with antibacterial soaps and topical and oral antibiotics.Vaginitis Vaginitis is any type of vaginal infection or inflammation. The six most common types of vaginitis are Candida (yeast infections), bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis vaginitis, chlamydia vaginitis, viral vaginitis, and noninfectious vaginitis. Symptoms include itching, burning, and abnormal vaginal discharge. Treatment is different for each type of vaginitis.Vaginal Pain (Vulvodynia) Vulvodynia or vaginal pain, genital pain is a condition in which women have chronic vulvar pain with no known cause. There are two types of vulvodynia, generalized vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis. Researchers are trying to find the causes of vulvodynia, which may include nerve irritation, genetic factors, hypersensitivity to yeast infections, muscle spasms, hormonal changes, and more. The most common symptoms of vaginal pain (vulvodynia) is burning, rawness, itching, stinging, aching, soreness, and throbbing. There are a variety of treatments that can ease the symptoms of vulvodynia (vaginal pain). Lichen Sclerosus Lichen sclerosus is a skin disease that causes white spots to form on the skin, which later grow into large, thin, and crinkled patches of skin that tear easily. Symptoms include itching, pain, blisters, and bleeding. Patches on the upper body usually go away over time, but patches in the genital region may scar if left untreated, causing problems with urination or sex. Treatment may involve surgery or the use of a very strong cortisone cream.Vaginal Dryness Vaginal dryness and vaginal atrophy occurs in women during perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. With vaginal atrophy, the lining of the vaginal wall becomes thinner, drier, less elastic, and light pink to bluish in color. Symptoms of vaginal atrophy include vaginal dryness, itching, irritation, and/or pain during intercourse. Treatment options for vaginal dryness and vaginal atrophy include hormone treatment and over-the-counter vaginal lubricating and moisturizing products.Women's Health Women's health is an important topic area to guide a woman through the stages of her life, as well as knowing the conditions and diseases that may occur. Educating yourself so that the transitions into different phases of life is key to a healthy, happy, and productive life.Pregnancy Planning Pregnancy planning is important to help prevent exposure of the mother and fetus to potentially harmful medications and substances during the early days, and throughout the pregnancy. Nutritional planning, prevention of birth defects, conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disease need careful monitoring. Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and pregnancy induced hypertension are conditions that may arise during pregnancy. Immunizations, inherited disorders, exercise, air travel, intercourse, and birth control are important factors to consider when planning a pregnancy.Sexual Health Sexual health information including birth control, impotence, herpes, sexually transmitted diseases, staying healthy, women's sexual health concerns, and men's sexual health concerns. Learn about the most common sexual conditions affecting men and women.Antibiotic Resistance (Drug Resistance, Antimicrobial Resistance) Drug resistance (antimicrobial resistance) is the ability of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses to grow, even in the presence of a drug that would normally kill it (or limit it's growth). Drug resistance is a growing problem, particularly for infections such as MRSA, VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci), tuberculosis, HIV, STDs, gonorrhea, flu, pneumonia, malaria, E. coli, salmonella, Campylobacter, which causes diarrhea and gastroenteritis. Learn how to protect yourself from resistance to drugs.Diabetic Home Care Management Diabetic home care management is important. The goal of diabetic therapy is to control blood glucose levels and prevent the complications of diabetes. Information about exercise, diet diet, and medication will help you manage your diabetes better. Blood glucose reagent strips, blood glucose meters, urine glucose tests, tests for urinary ketones, continuous glucose sensors, and Hemoglobin A1C testing information will enable you to mange your diabetes at home successfully.

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Menstrual cycles may affect women shops templates

Tuesday, 31 July, HealthDay News)--the hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle of women can color their shopping habits, research shows.

"Our goal was to explore how women's menstrual cycle affect consumption desire, use of the product, and dollars spent in the food and upgrading domains," study first author Saad Gad, Professor of marketing, John Molson School of business, said in a press release from the University of Concordia in Montreal.

In the study, researchers selected 59 women and asked them to keep detailed diaries for their beauty routine, choice of service, your calorie intake and all that they bought for 35 days.

The researchers also analyzed daily reviews women responded to these topics that were interested in their choice of clothes and how long they spent grooming. Participants were also asked about the activities of both sunbathing and high-calorie foods. The study revealed a pattern of behaviour of women.

During the fertile women menstrual cycles (approximately eight hours in 15 of the 28-day cycle), the researchers found a significant increase in attention to appearance. During their fertile days women are also more likely to buy clothes, the study found.

The authors of the study suggested that the explanation for this pattern of behavior can be traced to women evolutionary roots.

"Ancestral times, women have had to focus on activities related to mating more time the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle when the probability of conception was high," Saad explained in a press release. "The same psychological and physiological mechanisms now lead women to greater consumption of products relevant to reproductive drives on the fertile phase of their cycle.

Although food intake among women fell during their fertile days, research has revealed their appetites peak in sterile or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (day 16-28 28-day cycle). The researchers noted women cravings for high calorie foods spiked at this time, as well as their food purchases.

"Women consume more calories during the luteal phase, because they developed psychological and physiological mechanisms that favored not mating-related activities as food foraging during the fertile phase of their cycle," said Saad. Miscellaneous Darwin pulls, such as pairing against food take precedence depending on menstrual status of women. "

The authors of the study said their findings may shed light on these behaviors and help women to take more informed decisions that can affect their spending and eating habits.

"These behaviors without conscious awareness of consumption, women on how hormonal fluctuations affect their choices as consumers," said Saad. "Our study helps identify where women are most vulnerable to cyclical temptations for high-calorie foods and enhance the appearance of the product. These results may help women make the choice for himself, contrary to the old canard of biological determinism.

Consumption-related smartphone app can help women track their daily purchases, their vulnerability to certain high risk days in their cycle, the authors of the study suggested.

The study was recently published in the journal of consumer psychology.

Dallas — Mary Elizabeth MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: Concordia University, press release, July 2012



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Working woman can raise the risk of heart attack?

High voltage work may increase the risk of heart attack for women

By Kathleen Doheny
WebMD Health News

Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD

July 18, 2012-women with jobs high voltages at high risk of heart attacks and other heart problems, compared to those with lower stress jobs, according to a new study.

"Women have a high job strain, 40% more likely to have cardiovascular events, compared with women who were in the category of low voltage," said researcher Michael a. Albert, MD, MPH, Brigham and women's Hospital cardiologist and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.

High voltage is defined as the high demand and low control, "she said. An example is the work of the factory in which a worker is the pressure to produce.

Then find a surprise. Women in what she calls '' active strain '' jobs--is very demanding, but with high control--the same increased risk in high stress, low control positions.

Insecurity of employment, are not associated with risk of heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular problems, Albert also found.

A study Published in PLoS ONE.

The researchers followed more than 22000 participants in the long-running health study. The average age of women was 57.

The women were divided into four groups working strain. Deformation work takes into account the requirements and control that has worked. These groups are:

Low voltage: low demand, high controlPassive: with low demand, low controlActive: with high demand, high controlHigh voltage: with high demand, low control

The researchers followed the women for 10 years, wants to see who was one of four types of events. They found:

170 attacks163 heart strokes440 heart procedures such stents, bypass surgery, or angioplasty52 deaths from cardiovascular disease

The researchers took into account other factors that can affect heart health, age, race, education and income.

Even then, they found almost 40% increase in risk of any of the four results in women's groups active or high voltage.

When they just watched nonfatal heart attack, they found that the women in the Group of 67% high voltage higher than those in the low-voltage have one.

Also, they looked at depression and anxiety. These factors explain only about 20% of relationships, Albert tells WebMD. More research is needed to further explain the relationship, "she said.

The instability in the employment sphere, does not appear to increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, "she said.

New findings differ from some previous studies, said Mika Kivimaki, PhD, Professor of social epidemiology, University College of London. He reviewed the results.

He has published reports on the stress and cardiovascular disease. Researchers at University College London have long study Whitehall, also known as stress health research &, after more than 10000 British men and women.

It was previously thought that high job demands increase the risk of heart disease, only if the employee is additionally has a bad decision authority at work, "says Kivimaki.

"It is a study of United States women is important because it suggests that this may not be the case. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease was also seen among women who need jobs, combined with high performance management. "

However, he said that the researchers simply the relationship between work stress and heart health, but cannot prove cause and effect.

It's hard to take into account all of the risk factors that can play, said Peter Schnall, MD, MPH, Professor of clinical medicine at the University of California, Irvine.

He is also the Director of the Center for occupational and environmental health programme in the Organization of work and cardiovascular diseases.

"Field studies of stress but now focuses on work strain, but in the last 10 years were registered dozens of work-related risk factors," he tells WebMD.

Among the most dangerous heart factors? Working long hours, low wages and in the face of the threat of harm, he said. For example, a bus driver.

Women with high stress jobs should give extra attention to the way of life, "said Albert. A woman may focus on personal time, doing yoga and meditation or even pray.

Most important? «Find the thing that works for you, to reduce stress, "she says.

Sources: Slopen, PLoS one, July 2012 year. Michelle a. Albert, MD, mph, cardiologist, Brigham and women's Hospital and associate professor of medicine, Harvard Medical School. Mika Kivimaki, PhD, Professor of social epidemiology, University College of London. Peter Schnall, MD, MPH, a Professor of clinical medicine, University of California, Irvine; Director, Center for occupational and environmental health programme in the Organization of work and cardiovascular disease, University of California Irvine.

© 2012 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.



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Urinary Incontinence Underreported in Young Women

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Medical group said key elements well woman exams

Tuesday, 24 July, HealthDay News)--the latest guidelines for cervical cancer screening say that most women don't need annual Pap smears, but they still need yearly exams well woman with their obstetrician/gynecologist, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

In the opinion of the Committee, released Monday, the College outlines when women should undergo pelvic exams, which women need clinical examination of mammary glands and why the Bureau visit the annual well woman is important.

Annual well woman exam is an opportunity for doctors to advise patients about following a healthy lifestyle and reducing health risks. The trip includes a physical exam that assesses general health, including blood pressure and weight.

A pelvic exam is a common part of the visit, the OB-GYN and includes three parts: external examination, an internal exam and exam mirror internal/external keyboard, according to the press release of the APS. Women should begin annual pelvic exams are held at the age of 21.

Young women do not have to pass an internal examination, if they do not have signs of menstrual disorders, vaginal discharge, pelvic pain or other symptoms related to reproductive, said College.

Screening for sexually transmitted infections can be done using urine or vaginal tampons without an internal exam.

Another important part of the visit, the good woman is a clinical breast exam. This should be done every one to three years for women aged 20 to 39, according to ACOG and other groups, health/medical. Women aged 40 years and older must have annual mammograms and clinical breast exams annually, ACOG recommends.

Decisions on the appropriateness of the internal pelvic exam breast exams or should always be with the consent of the patient, "said ACOG.

In the August issue of the journal obstetrics and Gynecology & appears in the Committee's opinion.

--Robert Preidt MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, press release, July 23, 2012



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More women's College to smoke hookah

Monday, 30 July, HealthDay News)--for the first time to smoke tobacco shisha (water pipe) is used more often among the students of women's College United States in their first year, a new study finds.

The researchers surveyed 483 freshman College women and found that not using hookah to 343 of the College. 23% of Students attempted to 343 hookah smoking during their first year of College.

Use of Hookah, appear to be associated with the use of alcohol and marijuana. The students consumed more alcohol, the more likely they were to try hookah. Students who use marijuana is smoking Hookah, more frequently than others.

Researchers also found that certain personality traits, such as higher levels of impulsivity and a strong tendency to compare yourself to others, predicted the frequency of use of the hookah.

The study was published online in the journal psychology of addictive behaviors.

The results are troubling because there has been a sharp increase in hookah smoking rates among young people in the United States over the past two decades, said researchers at the Miriam Hospital in Providence, r.i.

Some studies show that levels of kalyana among young people are on a par with smoking cigarettes.

The researchers noted that many students mistakenly believe that hookah safer than cigarettes, but the hookah has been associated with many of the same diseases caused by cigarettes, including lung cancer, respiratory infections and gum disease.

"The popularity and social nature of Hookah, coupled with the fact that College Freshmen increasingly experiment with risky behavior that could pave the way for potential health problems, given what we know about the dangers of smoking Hookah," lead author Robyn Fielder, Miriam Hospital centers research intern behavioral and preventive medicine, stated in a press release.

--Robert Preidt MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: Miriam Hospital, press release, July 2012



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Women with HIV may not have a high risk of cervical cancer: study

Monday, 23 July, HealthDay News)--Infection with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS--did not appear to increase the risk of cervical cancer, a new survey showed.

The researchers looked at more than 400 HIV infected women and nearly 300 HIV-free women, all of whom had normal Pap test and a negative result for tumors cause of human papillomavirus DNA in the beginning of the study. Know that some types of the human papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancer.

After five years of follow-up, the risk of precancerous cervical diseases was similarly low for both groups of women. None of the women developed cancer of the cervix, Dr. Howard Strickler and colleagues at Albert Einstein College of medicine at Yeshiva University in New York said in a press release.

The study was scheduled to present a briefing Sunday at the International AIDS Conference in Washington, the District of Colombia and appears in the July 25 issue of the journal of the American Medical Association.

The results show that the five-year risk of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women who have normal Pap smear and HPV tumour without causing a risk similar to HIV-free women, researchers say.

"Current investigation underscores the potential for a new era of molecular testing--including HPV, as well as other biomarkers--to improve cervical cancer screening in HIV-infected women," in conclusion, the authors of the study.

--Robert Preidt MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: Journal of the American Medical Association, press release, July 22, 2012



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Child abuse can alter the onset of menstruation in girls

Friday, August 3)--HealthDay News girls who are physically or sexually assaulted can start menstruation earlier or later than average, according to a new study.

After analyzing the information about women, 69000 researchers from Boston University School of Medicine found that the sexual abuse in childhood were 49% more likely to have their first period to 11 years than women who had not been abused. Women who suffered heavy physical abuse have a 50% increase in risk for starting their menstrual cycles later, or after 15 years.

In the United States during times of girls start at an average of about 12.5 years, according to the national institutes of health United States. Studies do not suggest, however, that the girl who starts menstruating earlier or later than usual, have been subjected to violence.

"In our study was associated with the accelerated and delayed age at menarche cruel and it is important that these associations vary with the type of abuses that suggest that child abuse is not a homogeneous impact on health," said study leader Dr. Renée Boynton-Jarrett, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University Press release.

"There is a need for further research to study the characteristics of child abuse that might affect health outcomes, including the type and severity of the abuse, as well as the social context in which the abuse occurs," Boynton-Jarrett.

The researchers noted that girls who menstruate early can be at greater risk for certain health problems such as heart disease, cancer, metabolic dysfunction and depression. In the meantime, the girls who menstruate later may be more likely to have depression and lower bone mineral density.

"We must work towards a better understanding of how abuse affects the health and translate these findings into clinical practice and public health strategy to improve the welfare of victims of ill-treatment," Boynton-Jarrett said.

The study was published online July 26 in the journal of adolescent health.

Dallas — Mary Elizabeth MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: Boston University Medical Center, press release, July 27, 2012



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Health care reform: No-Cost contraception begins today

Health reform law to expand 8 free preventive services-health from birth control for breastfeeding support--47 million women

By Lisa Zamosky
WebMD Health News

Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD

1 August 2012-Today ushers in the new health reform law, which makes additional preventive health services — from contraception for HPV--are available free of charge to approximately 47 million women.

Women with health plans that begin on or after August 1, 2012, should now be allowed access to the eight new preventive health services without co-pays or deductibles. Eight new services that are available, starting today are:

Well woman visitsGestational screeningDomestic diabetes and interpersonal violence screening and approved the counselingFDA of contraception, including condoms and education and counselingBreastfeeding support, supply and counselingHPV DNA testing for women aged 30 or olderCounseling for sexually active women of sexual infectionsHIV, testing and counselling for sexually active women

These services rely on the register of existing preventive, health reform law, officially called the affordable care Act (ACA) already makes available, for free, to people with private insurance and Medicare, including annual visits to wellness, cholesterol and other cardiovascular screenings and cancer screenings including mammography, colonoscopy, and cervical cancer screening.

Eight facilities were recommended by the independent Institute of medicine in the Department of health and human services after an extensive scientific review.

The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) welcomed the ACA additional women's preventive health services as an important step towards the provision of necessary medical assistance and more women.

Today, our nation reaffirms the importance of women's access to needed preventive care, "AGS President James t. Breeden, m.d., stated in a press release. "The annual visit of the good woman is a fundamental part of health care and seeks to prevent the practices recognized risk factors for the disease, identifies the medical problems and establishes a relationship often throughout the life of the patient by a doctor. This annual visit provides an excellent opportunity for gynecologists to counsel patients about maintaining a healthy lifestyle and to minimize health risks.

Bryden adds that contraception, which is already covered by most plans sponsored by employers, plays an important role in optimizing health before pregnancy and childbirth, ultimately leads to a healthy pregnancy and birth.

The law always allowed to churches and other religious organizations a choice of either buying or sponsoring group health insurance do not pay for contraception if it is contrary to their beliefs.

But religiously affiliated groups such as universities and hospitals were not included in this exception.

This caused an uproar among many religious groups, including the Catholic Church. Obama administration says he has. Insurance companies providing health plans for employers with religious affiliation would be required to cover the cost of contraceptives, not the employer. Obama administration extended until August 2013 for religious institutions in accordance with the law.

Eliminating the costs associated with women's preventive health services has been identified as an important factor in overcoming the main obstacles to the necessary assistance.

2009 report of the Commonwealth Fund found that more than half of the women--to more than 25% since 2007 year-delay or avoid preventive care due to cost. In addition, the Government refers to the study, which found that the use of women on mammography went up to 9% when costs for testing have been removed.

Although the provision enters into force today, most women do not have access to free preventive care before their year plan. For most Americans, what could be in January 2013, when most of the health insurance resume.

Grandfathered health plans--those who are already in place when the affordable care Act became Law in March 2010, and that has not made significant changes in their benefits--are exempted from the new requirements.

Sources: press release, Department of health social services & United States. Healthcare.gov news: affordable care Act rules to improve access to prevention services for women ". Press release, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. WebMD Health News: "health care reform: questions and answers."

© 2012 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.



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Vaginal bleeding

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Some of the symptoms of menopause can actually begin years before menstrual periods stop occurring. Doctors generally use the term "perimenopause" to refer to the time period beginning prior to the menopause (when some of the signs and symptoms of menopause begin to occur) up through the first year following menopause. Menopause itself is defined as having had 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.

Menopause symptoms begin gradually while the ovaries are still functioning and a woman is still having menstrual periods. These symptoms can begin as early as the 4th decade of life (when a woman is in her 30s) and may persist for years until menopause has occurred. The symptoms occur early because the levels of hormones produced by the ovaries (estrogen and progesterone) decline slowly over time, explaining why pregnancy is still possible, but less likely to occur, as a woman reaches her forties. The severity and duration of symptoms vary widely among individuals - some women may experience only minimal symptoms for a year or two, while others may experience at least some of the symptoms for several years.

Normal vaginal bleeding is the periodic blood that flows as a discharge from the woman's uterus. Normal vaginal bleeding is also called menorrhea. The process by which menorrhea occurs is called menstruation. In order to determine whether bleeding is abnormal, and its cause, the doctor must answer 3 questions: Is the woman pregnant? What is the pattern of the bleeding? Is she ovulating? Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women who are ovulating regularly most commonly involves excessive, frequent, irregular, or decreased bleeding. There are many causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding that are associated with irregular ovulation. A woman who has irregular menstrual periods requires a physical examination with a special emphasis on the thyroid, breast, and pelvic area. Treatment for irregular vaginal bleeding depends on the underlying cause. After the cause is determined, the doctor decides if treatment is actually necessary.

Normal vaginal bleeding is the periodic blood that flows as a discharge from the woman's uterus. Normal vaginal bleeding is also called menorrhea. The process by which menorrhea occurs is called menstruation.

Normal vaginal bleeding occurs as a result of cyclic hormonal changes. The ovaries are the main source of female hormones, which control the development of female body characteristics such as the breasts, body shape, and body hair. The hormones also regulate the menstrual cycle. The ovary, or female gonad, is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women. They are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and female hormones. During each monthly menstrual cycle, an egg is released from one ovary. The egg travels from the ovary through a Fallopian tube to the uterus.

Picture of the female reproductive system

Unless pregnancy occurs, the cycle ends with the shedding of part of the inner lining of uterus, which results in menstruation. Although it is actually the end of the physical cycle, the first day of menstrual bleeding is designated as "day 1" of the menstrual cycle in medical jargon.

The time of the cycle during which menstruation occurs is referred to as menses. The menses occurs at approximately four week intervals, representing the menstrual cycle.

Menarche is the time in a girl's life when menstruation first begins. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when the function of the ovaries ceases and menstrual periods stop. The average age of menopause is 51 years old.

Reviewed by William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR on 7/20/2012

MedicineNet Doctors Yeast Infection Yeast vaginitis is a yeast infection of the vagina. Symptoms include itching, burning, soreness, pain during intercourse and urination, and vaginal discharge. Yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter and prescription medications. Pregnancy (Stages - Trimesters of Pregnancy) There are many symptoms involved in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. The first early pregnancy symptom is typically a missed period, but others include breast swelling and tenderness, nausea and sometimes vomiting, fatigue and bloating. Second trimester symptoms include backache, weight gain, itching, and possible stretch marks. Third trimester symptoms are additional weight gain, heartburn, hemorrhoids, swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face, breast tenderness, and trouble sleeping. Read more to learn about recommended procedures and tests for each stage of a healthy pregnancy.Blood Clots Blood clots can occur in the venous and arterial vascular system. Blood clots can form in the heart, legs, arteries, veins, bladder, urinary tract and uterus. Risk factors for blood clots include high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and family history. Symptoms of a blood clot depend on the location of the clot. Some blood clots are a medical emergency. Blood clots are treated depending upon the cause of the clot. Blood clots can be prevented by lowering the risk factors for developing blood clots.Anemia Anemia is the condition of having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is, therefore, decreased. Symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, malaise, hair loss, palpitations, and more. Treatment for anemia includes treating the underlying cause for the condition. Iron supplements, vitamin B12 injections, and certain medications may also be necessary. Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is any state in which thyroid hormone production is below normal. Normally, the rate of thyroid hormone production is controlled by the brain at the pituitary. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition and the symptoms of hypothyroidism are often subtle.Endometriosis Endometriosis is the growth of cells similar to those that form the inside of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometriosis implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder. Treatment of endometriosis can be with medication or surgery.Menopause Menopause is the time in a woman's life when menstrual periods permanently stop, also called the “change of life." Menopause symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, irregular vaginal bleeding, vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, urinary incontinence, weight gain, and emotional symptoms such as mood swings. Treatment of menopausal symptoms varies, and should be discussed with your physician. Uterine Cancer Though uterine cancer's cause is unknown, there are many factors that will put a woman at risk, including: over age 50, endometrial hyperplasia, using hormone replacement therapy, obesity, using tamoxifen, being Caucasian, having colorectal cancer. Symptoms of cancer of the uterus (endometrial cancer) include abnormal vaginal bleeding, painful urination, painful intercourse, and pelvic pain. Treatment depends on staging and may include radiation therapy or hormone therapy.Ectopic Pregnancy An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy located outside the inner lining of the uterus. The majority of ectopic pregnancies occur in the Fallopian tube. Symptoms include abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and vaginal bleeding. Treatment options include observation, medication, or surgery.Chlamydia In Women Chlamydia, a type of bacteria that causes an infection, is spread through sexual contact. Most of the time, women with chlamydia have no symptoms. Antibiotics are an effective treatment for chlamydia.Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is an excess of thyroid hormone resulting from an overactive thyroid gland. Symptoms can include increased heart rate, weight loss, depression, and cognitive slowing. Treatment is by medication, the use of radioactive iodine, thyroid surgery, or reducing the dose of thyroid hormone.Uterine Fibroids (Benign Tumors of the Uterus) Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that originate in the uterus and are usually round or semi-round in shape. The most common symptom of a uterine fibroid is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Other symptoms include pressure, pelvic pain, pressure on the bladder, or pain during a bowel movement. Treatment options vary from surgery to medication.Lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of body tissues caused by autoimmune disease. Lupus can cause disease of the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, joints, and nervous system. When only the skin is involved, the condition is called discoid lupus. When internal organs are involved, the condition is called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also known by the name Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a hormonal problem that causes women to have a variety of symptoms including irregular or no menstrual periods, acne, obesity, and excess hair growth. Treatment of PCOS depends partially on the woman's stage of life and the symptoms of PCOS.Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most common and serious complication of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), aside from AIDS, among women. The signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease include: fever, vaginal discharge with a foul odor, abdominal pain, including pain during intercourse, and irregular vaginal bleeding. Pelvic inflammatory disease can scar the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and related structures and lead to ectopic pregnancies, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and other serious consequences. Pelvic inflammatory disease treatment includes several types of antibiotics.Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women (STDs) Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are infections that are transmitted during any type of sexual exposure, including intercourse (vaginal or anal), oral sex, and the sharing of sexual devices, such as vibrators. Women can contract all of the STDs, but may have no symptoms, or have different symptoms than men do.Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is cancer of the entrance to the womb (uterus). Regular pelvic exams and Pap testing can detect precancerous changes in the cervix. Precancerous changes in the cervix may be treated with cryosurgery, cauterization, or laser surgery. The most common symptom of cancer of the cervix is abnormal bleeding.Miscarriage A miscarriage is any pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the fetus can survive. Miscarriage usually occurs before the 13th week of pregnancy. The cause of a miscarriage cannot always be determined. The most common causes of a miscarriage in the first trimester are collagen vascular disease (lupus), hormonal problems, diabetes, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital abnormalities of the uterus. Anorexia Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by markedly reduced appetite or total aversion to food. Anorexia is a serious psychological disorder and is a condition that goes well beyond out-of-control dieting. With anorexia, the drive to become thinner is actually secondary to concerns about control and/or fears relating to one's body. There are psychological and behavioral symptoms as well as physical symptoms of anorexia including: depression, social withdrawal, fatigue, food obsession, heart and gastrointestinal complications, kidney function, flaky skin, brittle nails, and tooth loss (this list is not exhaustive).Internal Bleeding Internal bleeding occurs when an artery or vein is damaged and blood to escapes the circulatory system and collects inside the body. Internal bleeding can be caused by a variety of situations such as blunt trauma, deceleration trauma, medications, fractures, and spontaneous bleeding. Treatment of internal bleeding depends on the cause of the bleeding.Indigestion (Dyspepsia, Upset Stomach) Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a functional disease in which the gastrointestinal organs, primarily the stomach and first part of the small intestine, function abnormally. It is a chronic disease in which the symptoms fluctuate infrequency and intensity. Symptoms of dyspepsia include upper abdominal pain, belching, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, early satiety, and abdominal distention (swelling). These symptoms are most often provoked by eating.Gonorrhea In Women Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection transmitted during sexual contact. In women, symptoms include a yellow vaginal discharge, burning or frequent urination, and redness, swelling, burning and itching of the vaginal area. Gonorrhea can be treated with injectable (penicillin) or oral medications.Insulin Resistance Insulin resistance is the diminished ability of cells to respond to the action of insulin in transporting glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into muscle and other tissues. Causes of insulin can include conditions such as stress, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and steroid use. Some of the risk factors for insulin resistance include fatty liver, heart disease, strokes, peripheral vascular disease, high cholesterol, and smoking. Treatment for insulin resistance are lifestyle changes and if necessary, medication.Prolactinoma (Pituitary Tumor) Prolactinoma is an adenoma (benign tumor) of the pituitary gland. Causes of many prolactinomas are unknown. Symptoms in women include changes in menstruation and infertility, decreased libido, or painful intercourse due to vaginal dryness. The most common symptom in men is impotence (erectile dysfunction). Treatment of prolactinomas are medication or surgery.Amenorrhea Amenorrhea is a condition in which there is an absense of menstrual periods in a woman. There are two types of amenorrhea, 1) primary and 2) secondary. Treatment of amenorrhea depends on the type (primary or secondary). In prmiray, surgery may be an option and in secondary amenorrhea medication or lifestyle changes may be treatment options. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by toxins formed by Staphylococcus aureus or group A Streptococcus bacteria. Signs and symptoms include fever, low blood pressure, rash, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Left untreated, the patient will experience confusion, dizziness, headaches, seizures, and multiorgan failure. Treatment involves intravenous fluids and antibiotics, oxygen administration, surgery to drain the source of infection, and removal of tampons, nasal packings, or other sources of infection.Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is considered to be a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMDD has also been referred to as late luteal phase dysphoric disorder. The cause of PMDD is unknown. Some of the common symptoms of PMDD (not an inclusive list) include: mood swings, bloating, fatigue, headache, irritability, headache, breast tenderness, acne, hot flashes and more. Treatment for PMDD is with medication to treat the symptoms of PMDD. Graves' Disease Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. Some of the symptoms of Graves' disease include hand tremors, rapid heartbeat, trouble sleeping, enlarged thyroid, thinning of the skin or fine brittle hair. Causes of Graves' disease are thought to be multifactorial such as genes, gender, stress, and infection. Treatment for Graves' disease is generally medication.Women's Health Women's health is an important topic area to guide a woman through the stages of her life, as well as knowing the conditions and diseases that may occur. Educating yourself so that the transitions into different phases of life is key to a healthy, happy, and productive life.See All Related Diseases & Conditions »

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20% of U.S. Women Uninsured in 2010, Up From 15% in 2000: Report

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota
By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, July 13 (HealthDay News) -- Twenty percent of American women had no health insurance in 2010, up from 15 percent in 2000, a new report reveals.

In addition to the nearly 19 million uninsured women, another 17 million women were underinsured in 2010, according to the report, released Friday by the Commonwealth Fund. The fund is a private foundation that seeks to promote improved health care, especially for low-income people, the uninsured, minority Americans, children and the elderly.

The report also compared insurance coverage for U.S. women to women in 10 other industrialized countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, all of which have universal health coverage.

While uninsured women in the United States were likely to have problems paying medical bills and getting health care, many insured American women also face these problems, compared with women in other countries, the study found.

Other highlights of the report include:

U.S. women had problems paying medical bills at double the rate of women in any other country studied. In the United States, 26 percent of women had medical bill problems, compared with 13 percent in Australia, 12 percent in France, and 4 percent in Germany. 39 percent of American women spent $1,000 or more in out-of-pocket medical costs during 2009-2010, compared with 24 percent of women in Switzerland, 1 percent in Sweden, and 0 percent in the United Kingdom. 43 percent of U.S. women went without recommended care, didn't see a doctor when they were sick, or didn't fill prescriptions because of cost, compared with 28 percent in Germany and Australia, 8 percent in the Netherlands, and 7 percent in the United Kingdom. Only 52 percent of American women were sure they could afford health care if they became seriously ill, compared with 91 percent of women in the United Kingdom, 77 percent in the Netherlands and 76 percent in Switzerland.

For uninsured women the problems were worse, according to the report, titled "Oceans Apart: The Higher Health Costs of Women in the U.S. Compared to Other Nations, and How Reform Is Helping."

51 percent of uninsured U.S. women had a problem paying medical bills. 77 percent went without needed health care due to costs, more than double the rates of women in other countries.

The report also found insurance differences in the United States among states.

For example, 30 percent of women in Texas were uninsured, compared with 5 percent in Massachusetts, which has a universal health insurance law similar to the Affordable Care Act, the controversial health-reform legislation signed into law in 2010 by President Barack Obama.

Many of these problems will be solved when the Affordable Care Act is fully implemented, the study authors said.

"With the Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, the nation is moving forward on ensuring access to high-quality care for all Americans," Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Fund, said during a Thursday news conference.

Once the Affordable Care Act is fully implemented in 2014, the rate of uninsured women will drop from 20 percent to 8 percent, the study authors contended.

Under the Act, women can already get preventive care with no co-pay or deductible for services such as screenings for cervical, breast and colon cancer, cholesterol checks, and osteoporosis and chlamydia screenings. And insurance companies cannot deny coverage because of a preexisting condition, the study authors added.

The law will also prevent insurance companies from charging women higher premiums because of their gender or health.

Dr. Bradley Flansbaum, director of Hospitalist Services at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, said "the Affordable Care Act fills in the gaps for women's services."

There are disparities in women's health care in coverage and premium costs, he noted.

"It's almost considered that having an extra X chromosome is considered a disability," Flansbaum said. "The Affordable Care Act levels the playing field."

Because not all states are going to increase Medicaid benefits as outlined in the law, there will still be gaps in coverage for women on Medicaid in some states, he added.

The new report is not without critics.

They include Greg Scandlen, director of the Health Benefits Group Inc., which offers health insurance and life insurance to individuals and groups. "This report is a wonderful example of how you can prove anything if you cherry-pick the data carefully enough," he said.

Women aren't disadvantaged when it comes to health insurance, Scandlen said, adding, "In fact, women are far more likely to be covered than are men at nearly every age."

There are sex-based differences in all insurance markets, Scandlen said. "Women pay more for health insurance than men because they consume far more services than men. In the life and auto insurance markets, women pay far less than men because they drive safer and live longer," he said.

By looking at health care in other countries, Scandlen said, the report didn't take into account long wait times for care and the rationing of care in other nations.

"The Affordable Care Act may very well remove price obstacles to care, although that remains to be seen," he said. "But if it floods the system with new patients without increasing the supply of providers, it may result in less actual care for everyone."

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCES: Bradley Flansbaum, D.O., M.P.H., director, Hospitalist Services, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City; Greg Scandlen, director, Health Benefits Group; July 12, 2012, press conference with: Karen Davis, president, The Commonwealth Fund; July 13, 2012, report, Oceans Apart: The Higher Health Costs of Women in the U.S. Compared to Other Nations, and How Reform Is Helping



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Wednesday, August 8, 2012

"Steered" common marijuana among Teens and medical devices: study

THURSDAY, Aug. 2--HealthDay News) for the treatment of substance abuse among young people, many were used for medical marijuana, which was recommended for someone else, also known as "directed" medical marijuana, found that the new study.

The authors of the study, from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado, Idaho, suggest that the policy changes are needed to deter the misuse of medical marijuana by young people.

During the test, the lead Author Stacy Salomonsen-Sautel and colleagues questioned 164 young people aged 14-18 in two adolescent substance abuse treatment programs in Denver about their use of medical marijuana. Researchers found that nearly 74 teens use marijuana, which was recommended for someone else on average 50 times.

Compared with teens who do not use medical marijuana, those who began using drugs regularly in younger age and were also more dependent on marijuana and showed more signs of the disorder, according to the report published in the July issue of the Journal of the American Academy of | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

The researchers, however, stressed that the majority of teens believed that drug comes with little or no risk.

Because of recent changes to the rules of the State and Federal have door open to more legalized marijuana medical use in Colorado, the researchers suggested that teens using medical marijuana most likely got it from the registry identification card of an adult important for drugs.

The authors of the study concluded that the improved security measures are necessary to prevent medical marijuana in the hands of people that he should not, particularly teenagers.

"The high risk of many patients in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse medical marijuana transalpine were used on a number of occasions, which means that considerable changes direction takes place from registered users," Salomonsen-Sautel said in the journal messages. "Our results support the need for changes in the rules, which protect against medical marijuana to teenagers cross trade."

--Mary Elizabeth Dallas MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, news release, 31 July 2012



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Charity breast cancer increases the amount of liabilities the value of Mammograms: researchers

By Amanda Gardner
HealthDay Reporter

THURSDAY, Aug. 2 HealthDay News)--Breast Cancer Charity that brought the world the Pink Ribbon, which exaggerates benefits of Mammography by minimizing its harms, claim scientists.

Susan g. Komen organization is referred to for the Cure, as stated in the announcement, 2011 that the pointer of cancer survival five years during breast caught early 98%, while only 23% if not caught early.

"The survival Statistics posed are eye-catching and relevant. Means that the woman is crazy and irresponsible if not go to detect, "said Dr. Steve Woloshin, co-author article challenge charity. "But the statistics are misleading."

In accordance with the comment that Woloshin appears online Aug. 2 in the BMJ, in her 50s woman who refers to regular mammograms for 10 years will be the only cuts the chance of dying by a fraction of a percentage point--every 10 000 women who will not be able to screened 7 deaths.

The reason for the discrepancy?

Survival statistics, calculate how much a woman lives only after the diagnosis, the researchers explained.

If 100 women were diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 67 after feeling the tumor and all died three years later, at the age of 70, the survival rate of five years will be 0 per cent.

But if cancers were detected by Mammography, when women were 64 and they still died at the age of 70, the survival of five years will be 100 percent.

Komen also minimizes the harms that may come from over-screening in accordance with article.

For every woman whose life is saved by Mammography, between two and 10 women are overdiagnosed, which means they are told they have cancer, if not and end up going through unnecessary treatment.

Up to half of the women who are inspected annually by the Decade they receive at least one false positive, which means must undergo biopsy and breast cancer have the experience of fear of thinking, if only temporarily.

The article falls at a time when there has been a growing furor over the value of breast cancer. The U.S. preventive services Task Force now recommends that women in their 40s not get regular mammograms.

American Cancer Society recommends that all women aged 40 and over get annual mammograms.

In the end, women must obtain reliable information from their doctors or other sources about the risks and benefits of Mammography. One problem is that not all primary care doctors know the numbers right to transfer their patients, according to the latest research.

Overall, few doctors would argue that there are certain advantages to Mammography.

Dr. Stephanie Bernik, head of Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, Onkologiczna, supports push for a Cancer Charity.

"As doctors, we believe that breast cancer is extremely beneficial," she said. "Screening save lives, but probably is not as dramatic as sometimes took too."

Adds Woloshin, who is Professor of medicine and community and family medicine at Dartmouth School of Medicine and Institute of the Dartmouth health policy and clinical practice: "there is some benefit, but the size is of a different order than what is implied by the advertising. Women's decisions should be good for each other. "

Komen Foundation representative defended the position of the organization.

"Everyone Agrees that Mammography is not perfect, but it is the best tool for the detection of commonly available that we have today," said Chandini Portteus, Vice President of Komen research, evaluation and scientific programmes. "My wymówienie for years the science has to improve, therefore the Komen is putting millions of dollars for tests to detect breast cancer before symptoms through biomarkers," for example, she explained.

"Komen is also financing research to accurately predict a 6,000 cancer and which are not," still Portteus. "When we invest in obtaining those responses, we believe is simply irresponsible effectively discourage women from taking steps to know what happens to their health," she noted.

"These numbers are not in question," said Portteus. "Early detection allows for early treatment, which granted women the best chance of surviving breast cancer."

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCE: Stephanie Bernik, M.D., Chief, surgical oncology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York; Steven Woloshin, M.D., Professor of medicine and community and family medicine, Dartmouth School of Medicine and Institute of the Dartmouth health policy and clinical practice, Lebanon, Navy; Chandini Portteus, Vice-President, research, evaluation and scientific programmes, Susan g. Komen for the Cure; 2 Aug. 2012, BMJ, online



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CDC: new patterns of smoking are Cause for Alarm

Other than cigarettes, cigars and popularity

By Matt McMillen
WebMD Health News

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

2 Aug. 2012--People light up cigarettes less these days, but the number of cigars and the quantities of tobacco pipe used for has its smoked each year is on the rise.

And, while the overall amount of tobacco consumption continues to drop, that the decrease in the fall. Between 2010 and 2011, tobacco use fell by less than 1%. The reason could be economic, at least in part, as the industry is finding ways around the taxes meant to discourage smoking.

"The data suggest that some smokers have switched from cigarettes to other tobacco combustible, primarily from the 2009 increase in the federal tobacco excise tax differences between product types created," write the authors of the report, part of the CDC morbidity and mortality weekly report for Aug. 3.

Smokers puffed for more than 435 billion cigarettes in 2000. By last year the number fell by a third to less than 300 billion. These same 11 years old, but also Saw cigarette tobacco consumption more than doubled, from about 15 billion cigarettes equivalents to nearly 34 billion, a 123% increase.

More than other types of tobacco smokers really had to pipe tobacco has its. Report, the CDC estimates that such consumption has increased by nearly 500% of the tobacco between 2000 and 2011. Pipe tobacco, the report States, the Germans executed in popularity after the 2009 excise duties increased the price of tobacco to cigarettes equivalent. The authors suggest that route prices, have contributed to 573% growth in consumption of tobacco pipe between 2008 and 2011.

In accordance with the Editorial Note attached to the report which has become so popular is a pipe of tobacco in name only. Producers of tobacco to cigarettes simply relabeled their product as a pipe of tobacco in order to avoid the new tax. They then marketed their "pipe tobacco" tobacco as it ought to. Nothing changed but the labels.

In the meantime, in order to avoid the tax, which increases the retail prices of the producers of such "small" cigars, cigars the size of cigarettes simply adds some additional weight to their product. Which allowed them to be classified as "large" category not taxed as aggressively. Consumption of such cigars you will see 233% between 2000 and the 2011.

Report of the Surgeon General, note the authors, it was found that smoking cigarettes, cigars and other products not becoming more popular among teenagers and young people.

"The increase in smoking cigars that show test is a growing problem among youth and adults, is cause for alarm," Tim McAfee, MD, MPH, Director of the Office by the CDC on smoking and health, says in a news release.

"The increase in prices was one of the most effective ways to reduce tobacco use and prevent youth smoking initiation," they write. "The public health impact of excise duty increases and regulation may hinder efforts to prevent youth smoking initiation, reducing consumption and Prompt closure of the programme."

SOURCE: News release, CDC. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 3 Aug. 2012.

© 2012 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.



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Health Tip: If your child gets the headaches

(HealthDay News)--If a child gets frequent headaches, you can help the pediatrician can diagnose the problem by keeping a log of the child's symptoms.

Nemours Foundation says that the journal should contain:

The frequency and severity of headaches when the start and end and the other symptoms along with the headaches.In the case where the pain was felt, what it felt like (throbbing or dull, etc) and changes in these headaches in time.Any recent injuries, possible to identify headache triggers, current or previous issues of medical drugs.Your child's eating and sleeping habits.Your child's allergies and any family history of headaches.Medicines, or activity that appears to be through the headaches go away.

--Diana Kohnle MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.



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Brains of musicians can be a limitation on the edge

By Barbara Bronson Gray
HealthDay Reporter

THURSDAY, Aug. 2 HealthDay News)--have said that music is reassuring the savage Beast, but if you're the one playing the document can be beneficial to your brain.

A growing body of evidence suggests that learning the game of the instrument and to maintain in practice and play it may offer mental benefits throughout life. The hearing also showed concern positively making music.

The latest study, published in July in the borders of human Neurology, shows that musical instrument training may reduce effects of mental decline associated with aging. Studies show that older adults who learned music in childhood and continue to play an instrument for at least 10 years of vulnerability in the memory and other cognitive tests.

The band also revealed that while advanced age Alives may increase the ability of thinking, the neutralisation of any adverse effects of age and even a lack of education. It is not clear, however, whether starting from instrument to adulthood provides any benefits of the mental.

"Behavior, you can change your brain," said study Author Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, assistant professor of Neurology, radiology and Imaging Science at Emory University, in Atlanta, Georgia.

Study confirms findings from previous studies and refines the nieopublikowanawDzienniku April 2011 Neuropsychology.

In childhood when the brain is still developing, it seems that learning and continue to play a musical instrument for at least a decade or more can land for the benefit of later in life, Hanna-Pladdy said. But it is also a valuable then lift the instrument in the medium age and start playing again, she noted.

In this test 70 musicians and musicians, at the age of 59-80 were assessed by the neuropsychological tests and test activities, General lifestyle. Musicians scored higher mental acuity tests visual spatial, verbal memory, judgment and appeal and dexterity of motor vehicles.

Hanna-Pladdy, flautist, he studies the impact of music education through its research with brain disorders of movement of skilled persons, such as those who suffered a stroke. She realized that music could be a natural way to offer multi-sensory stimulation, effective way of treatment of such disorders. Became then wishing to learn more about the actual effect of musical training on the brain.

Why study music education in contrast to calculus or history? One of the reasons is that, since most people can, in particular, the determination of the number of years he studied the instrument is relatively easy to assess the impact of music education, Hanna-Pladdy said. The term is also simpler than the music playback time devoted to other activities, such as crosses, reading or games. "Musical activities requires years of practice and is difficult to perform cognitive," she said.

Cheryl Grady, senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Centre, in Toronto, said the study confirms what has been known for some time: education can help protect against cognitive decline in older adults.

Grady has indicated that it is not entirely clear what actually is the cause of beneficial effect. "I still don't know what actually happens is that many in the brain. My hunch is that those results, has further exercises, brain stimulation, "she said.

The impact of learning a second language is a graduate from the brain, who said Grady is associated with the need to inhibit the system while speaking one language, reading or thinking in the second. Mental process required to play a musical instrument can operate in the same way as of juggling the dual languages to increase connections in your brain, it noted.

Defining Motto for something simple: "use them or lose them to lose less quickly," Grady said.

During the test, found an association between activity of music and staying mentally sharp, not to prove a causal link.

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCE: Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, Ph.d., Assistant Professor, Neurology, radiology and imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Cheryl Grady, Ph.d., senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto; July 2012 frontiers in human Neurology



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Expert advice can help Kids avoid allergens at school

THURSDAY, Aug. 2 HealthDay News)--Before they head Back to school, children should be taught how to avoid common allergens, experts say.

Like the micro-organisms or viruses there are many triggers of allergies in classrooms and on playgrounds, which are responsible for more than 14 million missed school days each year in the United States, according to the American College of Allergy, asthma and Immunology (ACAAI).

"Children with allergies and asthma should be able to feel good, be active and do not miss classes or activities this school year because of their status," the allergist Dr. James Sublett, President of the Committee of Public Relations, said in a news release, ACAAI college. "Helps your child understand what triggers their symptoms can keep them focused on their studies and not their allergies."

ACAAI advised that there are ways in which children can stay from allergy triggers, so may feel the efforts, including:

Avoid the chalk dust. Children with asthma or allergies you should wash their hands after handling chalk and not to sit too close to the chalkboard.Steer clear of bees and wasps. Children have not interfered with bees or other insects when they are outside. You should also avoid clearly has nothing on the pitch. Children with insect allergies should consider talking venom Immunotherapy allergist about 97 percent, which may be effective in preventing future reactions to insect bites, according to the release.Pack lunch. Children with food allergies should cause their school lunch and avoid sharing food, napkins or utensils with friends. Teachers, trainers and school nurse should also be informed about food allergies students. In extreme cases, food allergies can cause Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction. Parents also may suggest that their child's school adoption policy of allergen-free snacks.Remember breathing troubles after physical activity. Children who experience breathing problems during or after the gym class, recess or other forms of physical activity in the school exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma could have. These children visit the allergist who can diagnose and treat their condition.Do not cuddle pets class. Children with allergies should avoid pets with fur and not be placed next to the children who have furry pets in the home. Parents can also request that teachers choose a pet Naked class, such as fish or frog.

The experts recommended that children with symptoms of allergies and asthma, make appointment with the board-certified allergist to develop a plan of treatment.

--Mary Elizabeth Dallas MedicalNews Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: American College of Allergy, asthma and Immunology, news release, 19 July 2012



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For Colorado Family, It's Allergies All Around

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Przez Serena Gordon
HealthDay Reporter

PIATEK, Aug. 3 HealthDay News)--Emily Kloser nie byl zbyt zainteresowanych, gdy jej syn doktora najpierw powiedzial ze mial oznaki, ze wskazywanego przyszlosci z alergii.

Co Mama Vail, Idaho, wiedzialam w czasie byl jak powazne bylyby tych alergii.

Kloser jego syn, Christian, zakonczyl rozwijanie zyciu alergie do jaj, mleka, soja, pszenicy, orzeszki ziemne, nasion i drzewa orzechów. Pierwszy znak znaczacy Alergia przyszedl po raz pierwszy mial jajka i on wybuchla w ulach.

"Bylo oczywiste, ze mial partii alergie pokarmowe," powiedzial Kloser. "On czesto mialoby cieknacy nos i która rozmazuje karnacji."

Po Kloser i jej maz, Mike, dowiedzial sie jak wiele rzeczy Chrystian byl alergie na, rozpoczela sie prawdziwym wyzwaniem. "I do Ponowna nauka jak Cooka," Emily Kloser powiedzial. "Teraz przeczytalem kazdej etykiety, za kazdym razem. Nawet jesli masz marki, którym ufasz, czasami zmieniaja jak utworzyc rzeczy."

Poniewaz jej syn opracowane alergie w mlodym wieku, Kloser powiedzial, ze naprawde wiedzialam on co byl brak i wydaje sie deal with it just fine. W rzeczywistosci ona powiedziala, gdy ona spowodowaloby traktuje zbóz ryzu dla niego na inne dzieci urodzinowe imprezy, inne dzieci czesto zwrócilby jezeli moglyby one miec co Christian zostal podac zamiast Tort urodzinowy.

Na temat wieku 5, ona powiedziala, Christian zaczynaly jego alergii do pszenicy, i krótki czas pózniej udalo mu sie ponownie jedzenia jaj. Wokól wieku 7 lub 8 byl w stanie uruchomic mleka spozywczego i spozywajacych zywnosc mleczarskich. Byc moze nie jest zaskakujace, byl jednym z pierwszych zywnosci chcial spróbowac maczki tego wszechobecne kids': pizzy.

Teraz 18, jest on nadal uczulenie na orzeszki ziemne, nasion i orzechy i, ewentualnie, skorupiaków.

Ale tylko okolo czasu Christian byl bardziej zaawansowanego niektóre z jego alergie, jego starsza siostra Heidi mial reakcje alergiczne Po jedzeniu awokado. Wkrótce po tym one juz, ze byla równiez uczulenie na orzechy wloskie.

Zarówno z Kloser dzieci sa konkurencyjne narciarzy, i rodziny udal sie swiata, pomimo wyzwan zycia z takich powaznych alergii. Emily Kloser powiedzial nauczyla sie z dodatkiem pack niektórych srodków spozywczych, które nalezaloby jej dzieci i nauczyla zadawac pytania o jak zywnosci zostaly przygotowane w róznych jezykach tak bylaby ona gotowy, gdy zostaly one poza Stanami Zjednoczonymi.

Ona powiedziala, ze zyjacych z alergie pokarmowe kids' "naprawde made us wszystkich zdrowsze" poniewaz bylo latwiejsze do jedzenia w niz spozyc w restauracji.

Ale nie jest zawsze sprawne Zeglarstwo. Kilka lat temu, Christian zostal podrózy z trener na zdarzenie konkurencyjnych narciarski i przypadkowo zostal narazony na cos alergie na byl. Gdy podejrzewaja, ze to bylo ziemne narazenia. Back on the mountain, byl, narciarstwa zjazdowego, gdy rozpoczal sie zle. Nie ma on antihistamine leki lub Zastrzyk adrenaliny z nim do przeciwdzialania jego alergie, tak jak zazwyczaj robi, ale jego trenerem zalatwil mu szybko do szpitala, chociaz zajelo godzin dla Christian powrócic do normalnego.

Nadal Kloser powiedzial, ze rodziny próbuje live normalnego zycia. "When I najpierw found out, I sobbed," she said. "I zastanowilo jak byloby przejdz do Kolegium, lub nawet jak on wykraczalaby do dom przyjaciela. Ale wystarczy ludzi dzieci kontaktu ze i zaufanie dzieci i inne osoby dorosle w swoim zyciu. Miec plan i trzymac sie plan Jesli cos sie dzieje. Ale, don't get tak w panike nad nim po uruchomieniu co Twoje dziecko w trosce."

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. Wszelkie prawa zastrzezone. Zródlo: Emily Kloser, Vail, Santiago.



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Sunday, August 5, 2012

Spray-on Skin May Promote Wound Healing

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Experts Predict Role for Spray-on Skin in Slow-Healing Wounds

By Denise Mann
WebMD Health News

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

Aug. 2, 2012 -- An experimental spray-on skin product may help people with chronic leg wounds heal faster and more effectively than available treatments, a new study suggests.

The spray-on skin is made up of skin cells and suspended in a mixture of different types of proteins. The participants in this study all had venous leg ulcers, which are shallow wounds that occur in people who have a circulation problem in their veins. These wounds tend to develop on the inside of the lower leg. Most at risk for venous ulcers are inactive and obese people, as well as people with varicose veins.

People in the study who used the new treatment experienced a greater reduction in wound size than those who didn't use it.

The findings appear in the Lancet.

Healthpoint Biotherapeutics of Fort Worth, Texas, is developing the new product and sponsored the study.

As it stands, most venous leg ulcers are treated with compression bandages. Some doctors also use skin grafts in which skin is taken from another area of the body and used to resurface the wound. Skin grafts involve surgery, and people can develop a wound at the skin donation site, too.

"If you don't get these to heal, they become chronic, and the older the wounds are, the harder they become to heal with anything," says researcher Herbert B. Slade, MD. He is a pediatrician at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth and is also the chief medical officer at Healthpoint Biotherapeutics. "Compression bandages work for 30% to 70% of people, but are not 100% effective."

That is where the spray-on treatment may come in.

In the 12-week study of 205 people, those who received the spray-on treatment and compression bandaging had a greater reduction in wound size than those who used compression bandaging without the test treatment.

Researchers tested two strengths of the new therapy, along with compression bandages. The biggest improvements were seen in the lower-strength dose given every two weeks; there was a 16% greater reduction on average of the wound area, compared to a group that was given a spray that didn't contain the new therapy, after 12 weeks.

Side effects were similar in the different groups. The spray-on treatment sped wound closure by an average of 21 days compared to the comparison group.

Slade and colleagues are now assessing its safety and conducting studies to determine exactly how it works. "The FDA wants us to better define what it is that is happening when the cells get on the surface of the wound," he says. "We know it works, we just need to know more about how."

According to Slade, the sprayed-on cells help the tissue learn how to regenerate itself. If the findings are confirmed by follow-up studies, "it's going to be an off-the-shelf product." No information is available about cost at this time.

The need for new products to treat these wounds is tremendous, Matthias Augustin, MD, says in an email. "A significant number of patients fail to respond to any therapy."

Augustin, the director of the Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing at the University Clinics of Hamburg in Hamburg, Germany, wrote an editorial accompanying the new study.

"New treatments with improved healing and healing rates are needed to reduce the burden of ulcers for patients, [and] while more research is needed I believe that this product could ultimately make a significant difference for these patients."

John Lantis, MD, is one of the investigators on the study. "This could be used in any place that artificial skin is needed, such as diabetic foot ulcers," says Lantis, who is the chief of the vascular surgery division at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York City.

It will not be a stand-alone treatment. "If you have a diabetic foot ulcer, you will still have to wear special diabetic shoes," he says. "It's not like you can just spray it on and go about your business. It will always be used in conjunction with current standard of care."

It seems to perform better than any other artificial skin products out there or in the pipeline, Lantis says.

Maja Zaric, MD, says there may well be a role for this product. She is an interventional cardiologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "The spray can be applied in various doses and it is very user-friendly, unlike a skin graft."

Still, not every person with a venous leg ulcer would benefit from the new spray-on skin. "Those who would benefit the most have extremely large ulcers and decreased blood flow," she says. Before treating these wounds, Zaric always does a vein-mapping study to see which veins are causing the problem.

Neil Sadick, MD, is a New York City dermatologist and clinical professor of dermatology at Weill Cornell Medical College. "This treatment provides a cocktail of cells and growth factors," he says. "These ingredients can stimulate new collagen, which would improve wound healing and also help recover the skin." Collagen is the main structural protein in skin.

"It could well be helpful in wound healing and it could be helpful in any area where we need to replace the skin surface," Sadick says.

SOURCES: Herbert B. Slade, MD, pediatrician, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; chief medical officer, Healthpoint Biotherapeutics. Neil Sadick, MD, clinical professor of dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City. Maja Zaric, MD, interventional cardiologist at Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City. John Lantis, MD, chief, Vascular Surgery Division, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. Kirsner, R.S. Lancet, 2012, study received ahead of print.

©2012 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.



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Options Increasing for Coping With Kids' Food Allergies

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By Serena Gordon
HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- Kids with a serious food allergy generally have to steer clear of the offending food, but methods now under development could change that common scenario.

More than 3 million American youths -- about one of every 25 -- have a food allergy of some sort, usually to milk, eggs or peanuts, according to U.S. government statistics. For them, "avoidance has been the mainstay of treatment for a long time," said Dr. William Silvers, an allergist in private practice in Vail, Colo., and a spokesman for the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.

"Now what we're seeing is an increased interest in oral immunotherapy," Silvers said. "This means giving small and slowly increased doses orally of foods that children are allergic to, and building up the amount ingested over time to desensitize the child to the food so they can tolerate it."

That doesn't come string-free, though. Dr. Carla Davis, an allergist at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, noted that once children have been desensitized to a certain food, they have to continue eating it regularly or they'll become allergic to the food again.

"There isn't a maintenance of tolerance if you avoid the foods," she explained.

Along with desensitization, another potential new treatment for food allergies is a drug called omalizumab (Xolair). Silvers said that it works by blocking the activity of the allergy-causing substance known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) so that an allergic reaction never starts.

However, the food allergy would come back if a person were to stop using the drug, which is currently available only in an injectable form and has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in children younger than 12.

Some researchers, though, think that a combination of the two treatments might be better than either alone. Early reports from a very small study found that nine of 11 children who were given Xolair and then desensitized to milk were able to consume up to 12 ounces of dairy a day without a reaction.

Davis said that researchers also are testing herbal formulations and that one particular combination of nine herbs was able to prevent a serious allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, in mice. "It's another one of the treatments that may be up-and-coming," she said, though there's no evidence in humans yet.

What has been proven true, though, is that many kids simply outgrow their food allergies, even some of the most deadly ones. Davis said that as many as one in five youngsters may outgrow an allergy to peanuts but that allergies to eggs, milk, soy and wheat are most often outgrown. In general, peanuts, tree nuts and seafood allergies tend to stay with children as they grow, she said.

To know whether a child has outgrown a food allergy requires repeated skin and blood tests, Silvers said. "If IgE levels in the blood decrease over time, or if skin testing comes back negative or a very small reaction, a child or adult can be given a food challenge to see if they'll react," he said.

To be safe, though, the testing "must be done under a physician's supervision," Davis said, because a serious reaction could occur if the youngster has not outgrown the allergy.

For kids with lingering food allergies, Silvers recommended that the child or parent always carry the antihistamine Benadryl and an epinephrine injection pen. If it's suspected that the child accidentally ingested an allergy-inducing food, the youngster should take the antihistamine right away. If the allergic reaction worsens, administer the epinephrine and get to an emergency room as quickly as possible.

It's important to go to the hospital after a serious allergic reaction, Davis said, because there can be a second wave to the reaction about four to six hours later.

Many children have their own epinephrine pens at their school nurse's office. In Chicago, the public school system recently decided to take the next step and keep a supply of epinephrine pens in every school, and train school personnel in their use, so that they're prepared for any serious allergic reactions.

"This is a good idea because about one in five children have their first serious reaction in school," Davis said.

For those living with food allergies, Davis said, it's important to find a balance between being vigilant and being overanxious. Parents should be "prepared for a reaction, but shouldn't expect one all the time," she said. "Some parents become extremely anxious about the contact their child may have with food. Health vigilance is important, but so is quality of life."

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCES: Carla Davis, M.D., assistant professor, pediatrics, section of allergy and immunology, department of pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; William Silvers, M.D., allergist, Allergy Asthma Colorado, Vail, Colo.



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Saturday, August 4, 2012

Onions recalls continue

Listeria in onions Cut salads, Salsas, triggers, like zaniki, more

By Daniel J. DeNoon
WebMD Health News

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

2 Aug. 2012--tons of ready-to-eat foodstuffs and ready to cook have been recalled because of listeria in plant onions California.

Gillis onions Oxnard, Calif., processes more than 90 000 tonnes of red and yellow onions per year. A wide range of products, which the plant chopped, slivered and peeled onions.

How many products? After the July 25 announcement reminds flood gills develop earlier references to include all the onions made in the establishment. On 2 Aug. was at least 15 separate recalls involving major brands like Trader Joe 's, whole foods, Wegmans, and Publix.

Foods containing onions fresh chicken salad ranged from salsa to the bean dip. All references, including a description of all the products, sales dates and product codes are available on the FDA web site.

Although the gills onions were sold only in 12 u.s. States and in Canada, products containing onions were sent to additional countries. For example, the appeal yesterday's Garden-fresh salads, salsa, beans, slaw and onion dip products containing gills on the 14 States Stronger…. Nine of these countries were not included in the appeal, the gills.

The appeal began on July 18, the day after a random test bag of yellow onions in the gills in the retail sales showed listeria bacteria. Gills, immediately closed its plant on 17 July as the only recognized studies the FDA. After finding the object, the company voluntarily listeria expanded its withdrawal. The plant remains closed.

Not yet have been linked to diseases of withdrawn products. Many, but not all the withdrawn products have reached their sell-by date. Gill says that its products are of relevance of the 16-day.

Serious cases of Listeriosis-listeria infection---are relatively rare. People at high risk are the elderly and people with weakened immune system. Pregnant women usually do not get a serious illness of the same, but the infection can cause miscarriage, abortion, premature infant infections or critical.

People from listeria food poisoning usually decreased with the case of diarrhea, often with fever. Over days or weeks, may develop more severe symptoms: fever, stiff neck, confusion, weakness of muscles or vomiting.

Although the symptoms may appear as soon as possible after three days after eating contaminated food, the Symptoms usually appear within one to three weeks. However, some people become ill two months after eating contaminated food.

Sources: FDA web site. The CDC web site. Gills onions web site. Releases, FDA. Releases, gills onions.

© 2012 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.



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Options for increasing the coping with allergies Kids

By Serena Gordon
HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, Aug. 3, HealthDay News)--Children with a food allergy, a serious violation of the food, but usually have to methods currently in the process of development can change the common scenario.

More than 3 million young American,--approximately one of every 25--have an allergy of a particular type, usually for milk, eggs or peanuts, according to U.S. Government statistics. For them, "avoiding was the mainstay of treatment for a long time," said Dr. William Silvers, an allergist in private practice in Vail, Colorado, Idaho and spokesman, the American College of Allergy, asthma and Immunology.

"Now what we see is the increased interest in oral Immunotherapy," silvers said. "This means giving oral small and slowly increased doses of the food, which children are allergic to and building of the amount ingested food at time to desensitize the child so they sabotage."

That does not come from a string of slow, though. Dr. Carla Davis, allergist in the Texas children's Hospital in Houston, noted that after the children have been desensitized to certain foods, must continue to eat them regularly or they will again, allergic to food.

"No maintenance of tolerance If you avoid the food," she explained.

Together with the Desensitization of another potential new treatment for food allergies is omalizumab (Xolair) drug named. Silvers said that works by blocking the activity of substances that cause allergies known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) Allergic reactions, so will never be started.

However, the Allergy would come again if the person stop using the drug, which is currently only available in the form of inject and have not been previously approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in children younger than 12.

Some scholars, however, believe that the combination of the two treatments may be better than either alone. The first test reports were very small, said that nine of the 11 children who were given Xolair and then desensitized to milk could exploit to 12 ounces of dairy per day without reaction.

Davis said that researchers are also testing herbal preparations and this one a combination of nine herbs was able to prevent serious allergic reactions known as Anaphylaxis, in mice. "Is another treatment, which may be their", she said, although as yet there is evidence in humans.

What was true, however, that many children simply expanded their food allergies, even some of the most deadly of these. Davis said that one in five of the discounts they can overcome the allergic to peanuts, but no longer meet the requirements that allergies to eggs, milk, soy and wheat are the most common enterprise. The tree generally peanuts, nuts and seafood allergies usually stay with the children, as they grow, said.

To know whether a child has a firm no longer complies with the requirements of the food allergies requires repeated skin and blood tests, silvers said. "If the IgE levels in the blood decrease in time, or if the skin comes back negative or very small response, child or adult may be given food challenge to see if you respond," he said.

To be certain, though the study "must be done under the supervision of a physician," Davis said, because of serious reaction can occur if the House Bunny is not no longer complies with the requirements of companies of allergies.

For children with food allergies lingering silver medals recommended that the child or parent will always have the antihistamine Benadryl and Epinephrine injection Pen. If it is suspected that the child inadvertently ingested food that causes allergies, House Bunny should be taken immediately antihistamine. If it worsens, administer epinephrine and allergic reactions for the emergency room as soon as possible.

It is important to go to the hospital after a serious allergic reactions, Davis said, because it may be the second wave reaction approximately four to six hours later.

Many children have their own pen, Epinephrine in the Office of their school nurse. In the Chicago public school system recently decided to take the next step and keep the supply of Epinephrine pens in each school and train school staff in their use, so that it is prepared to any serious allergic reactions.

"This is a good idea, because their first serious response is approximately one in five children in school," Davis said.

For those living with food allergies Davis said, it is important to find the balance between being vigilant and overanxious. Parents should be "prepared to respond, but you should not expect one all the time," she said. "Some parents are extremely anxious to contact their child may have with food. Health vigilance is important, but so is the quality of life. "

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCE: Carla Davis, M.D., Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology section, Department of Pediatrics, Texas children's Hospital, Houston; William Silvers, M.D., an allergist, Allergy Asthma Colorado, Vail, Santiago.



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