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, , Umesh Jainb, e, , Colin Shapiroa, c, d, f, a Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canadab Child, Youth and Family Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 352-250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canadac Division of Patient Based Clinical Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Canadad Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre, CanadaReceived 5 April 2011. Revised 1 July 2011. Accepted 5 July 2011. Available online 26 October 2011.View full text The understanding that sleep can give rise to, or exacerbate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and that good sleep hygiene improves attention and concentration tasks has sparked interest in the investigation of possible etiological relationships between sleep disorders and ADHD.Studies indicate that 30% of children and 60–80% of adults with ADHD have symptoms of sleep disorders such as daytime sleepiness, insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, fractured sleep, restless legs syndrome, and sleep disordered breathing. The range and diversity of findings by different researchers have posed challenges in establishing whether sleep disturbances are intrinsic to ADHD or whether disturbances occur due to co-morbid sleep disorders. As a result, understanding of the nature of the relationship between sleep disturbances/disorders and ADHD remains unclear.In this review, we present a comprehensive and critical account of the research that has been carried out to investigate the association between sleep and ADHD, as well as discuss mechanisms that have been proposed to account for the elusive relationship between sleep disturbances, sleep disorders, and ADHD.prs.rt("abs_end");Sleep architecture; Sleep disturbances; Sleep disordered breathing; Restless legs; Periodic limb movements; ADHD; Circadian cycleFigures and tables from this article:
Table 1. Studies of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD with subjective methods.
ADHD = Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C = ADHD of the combined subtype, ADHD-H/I = ADHD of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, ADHD-I = ADHD of the inattentive subtype, BD = bipolar disorder, CD = conduct disorder, DEP = major depressive episode, C(P/T)RS-R:S = Conner’s (parent/teacher) rating scale-revised: short forms, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, IQ = intelligence quotient, LD = learning disability, MPH = methylphenidate, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, SD = standard deviation.View Within ArticleTable 2. Studies of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD with objective methods.AHI = Apnea hypopnea index, BD = bipolar disorder, CD = conduct disorder, DEX = dextro-amphetamine, DLMO = dim light melatonin onset, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, LD = learning disability, MD = major depression, MPH = methylphenidate, MSLT = multiple sleep latency test, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, PLMI = periodic limb movement index, RDI = respiratory disturbance index, REM = rapid eye movement, S1 = stage 1 sleep, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, SDB = sleep disordered breathing, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency, SOT = sleep onset time,TSP = total sleep period.View Within ArticleTable 3. Studies of sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD with subjective methods.ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C = ADHD of the combined subtype, ADHD-H/I = ADHD of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, ADHD-I = ADHD of the inattentive subtype, ASRS = adult self report scale, CSM = composite scale of morningness, EDS = excessive daytime sleepiness, ESS - Epworth sleepiness scale, IH = idiopathic hypersomnia, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, MDD = major depressive disorder, MPH = methylphenidate, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder.View Within ArticleTable 4. Studies of sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD with objective methods.DEX = dextro-amphetamine, BRD = brief recurrent depression, MDD = major depressive disorder, MPH = methylphenidate, PSG = polysomnography, REM = rapid eye movement, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency.View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.prs.rt('data_end');
, , , Umesh Jainb, e, , Colin Shapiroa, c, d, f, a Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canadab Child, Youth and Family Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 352-250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canadac Division of Patient Based Clinical Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Canadad Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre, CanadaReceived 5 April 2011. Revised 1 July 2011. Accepted 5 July 2011. Available online 26 October 2011.View full text The understanding that sleep can give rise to, or exacerbate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and that good sleep hygiene improves attention and concentration tasks has sparked interest in the investigation of possible etiological relationships between sleep disorders and ADHD.Studies indicate that 30% of children and 60–80% of adults with ADHD have symptoms of sleep disorders such as daytime sleepiness, insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, fractured sleep, restless legs syndrome, and sleep disordered breathing. The range and diversity of findings by different researchers have posed challenges in establishing whether sleep disturbances are intrinsic to ADHD or whether disturbances occur due to co-morbid sleep disorders. As a result, understanding of the nature of the relationship between sleep disturbances/disorders and ADHD remains unclear.In this review, we present a comprehensive and critical account of the research that has been carried out to investigate the association between sleep and ADHD, as well as discuss mechanisms that have been proposed to account for the elusive relationship between sleep disturbances, sleep disorders, and ADHD.prs.rt("abs_end");Sleep architecture; Sleep disturbances; Sleep disordered breathing; Restless legs; Periodic limb movements; ADHD; Circadian cycleFigures and tables from this article:
Table 1. Studies of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD with subjective methods.ADHD = Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C = ADHD of the combined subtype, ADHD-H/I = ADHD of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, ADHD-I = ADHD of the inattentive subtype, BD = bipolar disorder, CD = conduct disorder, DEP = major depressive episode, C(P/T)RS-R:S = Conner’s (parent/teacher) rating scale-revised: short forms, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, IQ = intelligence quotient, LD = learning disability, MPH = methylphenidate, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, SD = standard deviation.View Within ArticleTable 2. Studies of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD with objective methods.AHI = Apnea hypopnea index, BD = bipolar disorder, CD = conduct disorder, DEX = dextro-amphetamine, DLMO = dim light melatonin onset, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, LD = learning disability, MD = major depression, MPH = methylphenidate, MSLT = multiple sleep latency test, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, PLMI = periodic limb movement index, RDI = respiratory disturbance index, REM = rapid eye movement, S1 = stage 1 sleep, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, SDB = sleep disordered breathing, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency, SOT = sleep onset time,TSP = total sleep period.View Within ArticleTable 3. Studies of sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD with subjective methods.ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C = ADHD of the combined subtype, ADHD-H/I = ADHD of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, ADHD-I = ADHD of the inattentive subtype, ASRS = adult self report scale, CSM = composite scale of morningness, EDS = excessive daytime sleepiness, ESS - Epworth sleepiness scale, IH = idiopathic hypersomnia, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, MDD = major depressive disorder, MPH = methylphenidate, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder.View Within ArticleTable 4. Studies of sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD with objective methods.DEX = dextro-amphetamine, BRD = brief recurrent depression, MDD = major depressive disorder, MPH = methylphenidate, PSG = polysomnography, REM = rapid eye movement, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency.View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.prs.rt('data_end');
, , , Umesh Jainb, e, , Colin Shapiroa, c, d, f, a Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canadab Child, Youth and Family Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 352-250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canadac Division of Patient Based Clinical Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Canadad Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre, CanadaReceived 5 April 2011. Revised 1 July 2011. Accepted 5 July 2011. Available online 26 October 2011.View full text The understanding that sleep can give rise to, or exacerbate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and that good sleep hygiene improves attention and concentration tasks has sparked interest in the investigation of possible etiological relationships between sleep disorders and ADHD.Studies indicate that 30% of children and 60–80% of adults with ADHD have symptoms of sleep disorders such as daytime sleepiness, insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, fractured sleep, restless legs syndrome, and sleep disordered breathing. The range and diversity of findings by different researchers have posed challenges in establishing whether sleep disturbances are intrinsic to ADHD or whether disturbances occur due to co-morbid sleep disorders. As a result, understanding of the nature of the relationship between sleep disturbances/disorders and ADHD remains unclear.In this review, we present a comprehensive and critical account of the research that has been carried out to investigate the association between sleep and ADHD, as well as discuss mechanisms that have been proposed to account for the elusive relationship between sleep disturbances, sleep disorders, and ADHD.prs.rt("abs_end");Sleep architecture; Sleep disturbances; Sleep disordered breathing; Restless legs; Periodic limb movements; ADHD; Circadian cycleFigures and tables from this article:
Table 1. Studies of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD with subjective methods.ADHD = Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C = ADHD of the combined subtype, ADHD-H/I = ADHD of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, ADHD-I = ADHD of the inattentive subtype, BD = bipolar disorder, CD = conduct disorder, DEP = major depressive episode, C(P/T)RS-R:S = Conner’s (parent/teacher) rating scale-revised: short forms, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, IQ = intelligence quotient, LD = learning disability, MPH = methylphenidate, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, SD = standard deviation.View Within ArticleTable 2. Studies of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD with objective methods.AHI = Apnea hypopnea index, BD = bipolar disorder, CD = conduct disorder, DEX = dextro-amphetamine, DLMO = dim light melatonin onset, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, LD = learning disability, MD = major depression, MPH = methylphenidate, MSLT = multiple sleep latency test, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, PLMI = periodic limb movement index, RDI = respiratory disturbance index, REM = rapid eye movement, S1 = stage 1 sleep, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, SDB = sleep disordered breathing, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency, SOT = sleep onset time,TSP = total sleep period.View Within ArticleTable 3. Studies of sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD with subjective methods.ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C = ADHD of the combined subtype, ADHD-H/I = ADHD of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, ADHD-I = ADHD of the inattentive subtype, ASRS = adult self report scale, CSM = composite scale of morningness, EDS = excessive daytime sleepiness, ESS - Epworth sleepiness scale, IH = idiopathic hypersomnia, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, MDD = major depressive disorder, MPH = methylphenidate, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder.View Within ArticleTable 4. Studies of sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD with objective methods.DEX = dextro-amphetamine, BRD = brief recurrent depression, MDD = major depressive disorder, MPH = methylphenidate, PSG = polysomnography, REM = rapid eye movement, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency.View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.prs.rt('data_end');
Tom Wilson, the guy who played bully Biff Tannen in the "Back to the Future" movies, has come up with a nifty way to handle the most-asked fan questions about the beloved trilogy: by writing all the answers down on a postcard.
Although it's been 22 years since the last film was in theaters, Wilson's still fielding queries about what it was like to work with Michael J. Fox ("Michael J. Fox is nice. I'm not in close contact with him"), hoverboard stories ("The hoverboards didn't really fly, we were hanging by wires from a cane") and what the maure was made of ("The manure was made from peat moss, cork, dirt and a food agent that made it sticky").
Oh, and what about Biff's famous catchphrases? "Among the many improvisations on set, I termed the coin 'butthead,' as well as 'Make like a tree, and get out of here.'"
Wilson, whose other credits include "The Informant!" and "Action Jackson," says he created the FAQ because "Nobody had any idea that the movies would become a cultural touchstone, but the themes of friendship and adventure moved the audience so powerfully that I felt the need to create this postcard as a timesaver."
You can read the full postcard here.
[via Letters of Note b/w THR]
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"Here she is - the iPad HD! Er, new iPad," says Engadget. Right! Wait - what? Yes, the new iPad is not being called the iPad 3 but just the new iPad. You know, like they did for the New Testament. "Breaking away from the numerical tracking system used before (and still used in the iPhone range), Apple has decided to highlight the most major change in its newest slate by simply dubbing it 'new.' " Everybody cheer on the count of three: One. Two. Yay. Three. Couldn't hold it in! The denumbering aside, "unsurprisingly, Apple has managed to produce something that's truly beautiful to look at," Engadget adds. Slate Moneybox says Apple is gunning for the PC market with the new iPad, introduced on Wednesday with most of the features experts predicted: a super high-res retina display, quad-core graphics, speedy 4G LTE networking. "The way they presented it, it's not that there's a 'tablet' market dominated by the iPad. Instead, there's a PC market in which...steady incremental improvements to the iPad's capabilities turn it into a potential PC replacement. The more powerful chips mean that more sophisticated apps can reside on the iPad. The rollout of iCloud is supposed to render the iPad's limited storage capacity less relevant..."
The Next Web runs down Apple's full presentation and the product highlights, including a new an iSight camera on the front and a rear camera that runs at 5MP. Plus "a host of Apple apps were updated to work with its Retina display, including iWork, iMove and Garage Band. The new iPad is priced at $499 for 16GB, $599 for 32GB, $699 for 64GB. And $629, $729, and $829 for 4G. It will be available on March 16th in the US." The Verge has a one of those fancy charts where they compare the new iPad against, like the entire National League Central. Well actually the iPad 2charts, Samsung Galaxy Note, the Asus Transformer something, and the Nook and the Kindle for good measure.
Gizmodo happened to notice another new feature: a new rainbow colored Apple logo at the end of the presentation. "Put your Apple Kremlinology hat on, folks...Is this Apple's new logo? I hope so! I hope so because: I love the rainbow. I LOVE DOUBLE RAINBOWS.... It gets me back to my old Mac years, when all of you didn't know what the hell Apple was." But not everybody is down with the rainbow connection. At VentureBeat Jolie O'Dell lists the new tie-dye logo as part of a new unraveling of the Apple brand, "a certain sloppiness that was absent from former, Steve Jobs-led launches. This wasn't anything major, just a few minor but glaring inconsistencies: Tim Cook going for the 'rumpled executive' look, the ambiguous naming of the 'new iPad,' the use of a truly horrible pun ["Resolutionary"] on a new product's landing page, and the tie-dyed Apple logo at the presentation's conclusion.... all of it pointed to a leadership that either didn't understand or didn't care about consistency in iconography...Today, we saw the first cracks in what will eventually become a wholesale break with the past." Huh?
At Buzzfeed an essayist says she can resist the hype and go without the new iPad: "I wondered whether people like me felt the same way, so I did an informal survey of some of my female friends who are all in their early 30s, have jobs in media, and could afford one if they wanted one. We all have iPhones; several of us have Kindles. We don't hate technology, or America, or Apple. But the general consensus was that we mostly don't need one." The Onion has jumped on the bandwagon, though, saying, with a report saying "This Article Generating Thousands Of Dollars In Ad Revenue Simply By Mentioning New iPad."
While Apple is out on the front lines creating the media devices of the future, it's good to know some folks are still creating good old fashioned content. Take Rush Limbaugh - he just has to open his mouth and there's a week of reaction for us to read, watch and listen to. Says the L.A. Times' Company Town blog: "The flight of advertisers from The Rush Limbaugh Show continued Wednesday, with a total of 45 national and local companies pulling their spots, according to the liberal activist groups angered by the talk radio host for calling Georgetown law student Sandra Fluke a 'slut' and a 'prostitute.' Yep. They're not calling him the new Rush. "The current tally is up to 46 - and 48 if you count the bands who don't want their music played on the show," updates Atlantic Wire. The lib-leaning Media Matters site is tracking who is still advertising on the Limbaugh program. Muses Boing Boing: "I wonder if many Republican politicians are secretly rooting for Limbaugh to receive a Joe McCarthy-style dethroning, because they are scared to death of him?" In a column for Bloomberg, Michael Kinsley starts a backlash-backlash against Limbaugh's opportunistic critics: "The self-righteous parade out the door by Limbaugh's advertisers is hard to stomach. Had they never listened to Rush before, in all the years they had been paying for commercials on his show? His sliming of a barely known law student may be a new low - even after what he's said about Nancy Pelosi and Michelle Obama - but it's not a huge gap." But at Esquire's The Politics Blog, Charlie Pierce backlashes it one step further: "This is Kinsley being deliberately stupid...We can't do the right thing now because we didn't do the right thing then?"
